Completely reversible window



E- ALBANO COMPLETELY REVERSIBLE WINDOW Aug. 18, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Jan. 6, 1947 lc ll- E dmondALbano ATTORNEY Aug. 18, 1953 E. ALBANOCOMPLETELY REVERSIBLE wrunow 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 6, 1947INVENTOR EdmondAZbano 62 ATTORNEY BOW v lml Aug. 18, 1953 E. ALBANOCOMPLETELY REVERSIBLE wmuow 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 6. 1947 INVENTOREdmondAilbano ATTORN EY Patented Aug. 18, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE COMPLETELY REVERSIBLE WINDOW Edmond Albano, New York, N. Y.Application January 6, 1947, Serial No. 720,440

Claims. 1

The present invention relates to reversible windows and it particularlyrelates to completely reversible window sashes for interior or exterioruse.

It is among the objects of the present invention to provide a completelyreversible window sash construction, of inexpensive and durableconstruction, readily capable of use interiorly or exteriorly of adwelling, office or factory, in which the sash may be completelyreversed and may also be held in any desired intermediate open positionand thereafter readily released to be moved to either completelyreversed position closing the window opening.

Another object is to provide a completely reversible light-weight windowsash construction which will enable complete opening of the window framewith full ventilation and full closure in either direction eliminatingcostly and heavy frame constructions with sliding counter-weights as iscustomary with vertically sliding sashes and the expensive metal framesand relatively inaccessible swinging members characteristic of casementtype windows.

A further object is to provide a completely reversible sash constructionin which both sides of the window may be readily cleaned from theinterior of a building by merely reversing the sash eliminating the needfor exterior window cleaning with attachments on the exterior of abuilding, and avoiding reaching out of a window to clean the same fromthe interior.

Still further objects and advantages will appear in the more detaileddescription set forth below, it being understood, however, that thismore detailed description is given by way of illustration andexplanation only and not by way of limitation, since various changestherein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing fromthe scope and spirit of the present invention.

A particular feature of the present invention resides in connecting aswinging sash desirably of rectangular form to a rectangular frame byflat parallel swinging arms pivotally connected to the exact middleportions of the opposite sides of the sash at one end and at the upperends.

The sides of the frame are provided with tracks or grooves which receiveand guide sliding pins or rollers on the opposite sides of the ends ofthe sash. These tracks extend substantially the full length of oppositesides of the frame and they extend alongside of and slightly beyond thepivotal connections of the swinging arms to the upper end of the frame.

The pivotal connections and the tracks or grooves are always out ofalignment so that the sliding pins or rollers may move freelysubstantially the full length of the frame without interference fromsaid pivotal connections.

A particular feature of the present invention relates to the provisionof inexpensive readily manufactured hardware, which may be inserted inthe sides of the frame.

In the drawings are shown several embodiments of the invention by way ofillustration and not by way of limitation.

Fig. 1 is a front perspective view showing the sash in a partly openedposition as it is moving upwardly from its closed position.

Fig. 2 is a front perspective view showing the sash in completely openedposition as it is about to move into its completely reversed closedposition.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the left hand sash holding andguidin fixture upon an enlarged scale as compared to Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 is an edge elevational view upon the line of 44 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of the right hand guide fixture forthe sash .taken upon the line *5-5 of Fig. 1 and upon an enlarged scaleas compared to Fig. 1,

Fig. 6 is a transverse horizontal sectional view upon the line 66 ofFig. 3 upon an enlarged scale as compared to Fig. 3,

. Fig. 7 is a transverse horizontal sectional view upon the line 1-1 ofFig. 5 and upon an enlarged scale as compared to Fig. 5,

Fig. 8 is a horizontal transverse sectional view upon the line 88 ofFig. 3 upon an enlarged scale as compared to Fig. 3,

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary, vertical side elevational view of the bottom ofthe sash showing the guide roller and attachment therefor to the sash,

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view upon the line Ill-I0 ofFig. 9 showing the guide roller and upon an enlarged scale as comparedto Fig. 9,

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic'side elevational view similar to Fig. 3, butupon a smaller scale,

Fig. 12 is a side diagrammatic elevational view, similar to Fig. 11,showing the sash as partly opened, fully opened and in uppermost openedposition, the sash being shown in dot and dash lines.

Fig. 13 is a. side diagrammatical elevational view, similar to Figs. 11and 12, showing the sash in dot and dash lines closing downwardly fromthe uppermost opened horizontal position 3 of Fig. 12, the sash closinginto reversed position as compared to Fig. 11,

Fig. 14 is a side elevation-a1 view similar to Figs. 11 and 12 showinghow the sash may be released from the partly open or fully openpositions of Fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic side sectional view of the top and bottom of aframe forming a pocket to receive the reversible sash, showing thepivotal connection to the frame and the end positions of the guideroller of the sash in the obliquely positioned track.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic side sectional View, similar to Fig. 5, of thetop of "a frame showing an alternative track construction with the trackextending vertically and the pivotal connection to the frame positionedoutside of the sash re,-'

ceiving pocket in the frame, 7 p

Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic side sectional view, similar to Fig. 15, ofthe top of the frame showing another alternative track construction withthe track offset around the pivotal connection, and r Fig. 18 is afragmentary side sectional view of the bottom of the sash receivingpocket having a tongue and groove to prevent entrance of rain or weatherat the bottom of thesash.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the window has a frame A provided with thesash openings B. The sash openings B receive the completely reversiblesash C. The .present application is particularly directed to thehardware for guiding and locking the position of the sash C whichhardware is indicated byD and E in Figs. 1 and 2 and the construction ofwhich is shown in detail in Figs. 3 to 10 and the operation of which isshown in Figs. 11 to 14.

,As shown best in Figs. 1 and 2, the frame has the top portion 10, lefthand and right hand side members H and I2 and a sill or base section l3.

The sash C is provided with a top section M, the side sections i5 and I6and the bottom section H. The frame elements H], II, l2 and I3 areprovided with inwardly projecting portions indicated at l8 and [9 whichform a pocket F into which the sash C may fit in either reversedposition. v v p The sash may swing inwardly or outwardly and if usedwith one sidev on the exterior of the building may be provided withsuitable weather stripping.

The exact center of the side faces 20 of the sash C are provided withplates 2! (see Figs. 1 and 2) attached in place by the screws 22. To theplate 2i is pivotally connected at 23' the end 24 of the arm 25. The topof the arm 25 is pivotally connected at 26 to the inside face 2? of thefixture D forming part of the frame member I I. The pivotal connection26 is on the hardware or fixture D as best shown in Figs. 3, a, 5 and 8.

The fixture D is provided with a base struc ture G of U-shape as bestshown -in Figs. 6 and 8 which is formed of two angle members 28 and 29(see Fig. .8). It also carries the swinging engagement bar H which ispivotally mounted upon the structure vG at the pivot pin 30.

The base of the U-member G is provided with an elongated obliquelypositioned slot J (see Fig. 3) which extends beyond the pivot pin 26 atits upper position 3|. The slot J receives the roller or guideconstruction K which is positioned on 4 the lower end of the side faces20 of the sash C as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The sliding sash pin K when at the ends 3! and 32 of the slot J asindicated in Figs. 3 and 15 will be substantially the same distance fromthe top and bottom of the pocket F in the frame A or opening B, saiddistance being indicated by the dimension 2) in Fig. 15. The sides ofthe pin of the sash C as indicated bydimension a will also besubstantially theisame distance from the front 34 and back 35 of thepocket F (see Fig. 15).

'By connecting the arm 25 to the exact middle at 23 of the side face 28of the sash C, by extending the slot J obliquely past the pivot point 25and by providing that the sash pin K at the end of its travel in slot Jso that it will be the same distance from the top and bottom of thepocket F and front and back of the pocket F, it is possible to achieve acompletely reversible sash structure.

Referring particularly to Figs. 9 and 10, the roller structure Kincludes the plate 35 held in position by screws 31, 38 and 39. The sashC is recessed as indicated at 40 to receive the plate 35. The plate 35is provided with an opening 4| into which extends the stud 42 having anenlarged head 43. The stud carries the support member 44 carrying theroller tube 45 held in position thereon by the head 46.

The roller 15 rides in the slot J and at its extreme positions with thesash C in completely reversed position it is substantially the samedistance indicated by dimension D in Fig. 15 from the top and bottom ofthe pocket F and also from the front and back of the pocket F indicatedby dimension a in Fig. 15. It will be noted in Figs. 3 and 15 that theroller K at its extreme upper position passes alongside of and beyondthe pivot 26.

The swinging member H of the hardware D as shown in Fig. 3 consists of along bar pivotally mounted at its upper end 55 as indicated at 38between the slot J and the side 51 of the fixture or hardware D. Itsforward face is provided with the recesses 58,59, 68, 6!, '62 and 53,which are normally biased to swing across the slot J to the positionshown in Fig. 3. These recesses 58 to 63 are designed to engage theguide pin or roller K and hold said pin or roller K in various adjustedpositions as is shown in Fig. 12, or in closed positionas is shown inFig. 11.

The bottom end 64 of the swinging element H is' provided with anextension 65 which is recessed at 87 to receive the roller K in itslowermost position and to match the slot J. The forward end is turnedinwardly as indicated at 56 (see particularly Fig. 6) and it has anopening 61 in which is permanently mounted the end 68 of the pin 69. Thepin 69 extends through the opening 70 in the flange H of the member 28and it is provided with a collar 72 inside of said flange 1|.

The shoulder '13 of the collar 12 acts as a stop against the flange llwhile the shoulder 14 acts against the leaf spring 15. The leaf spring15 has a recess i6 which receives the reduced diameter or stud extension11 of the pin '69. The leaf spring 15 is clamped between the platemembers 88 and 89 by the rivets i8 and 19.

The flanges H and are preferably united to form the channel member G byspot welding at spaced intervalsalong said flanges Wand H.

As shown in Fig. 3, the swinging element 55 is also provided with arecess, 8! to clear the screw hole 82. The hole 02 together with thecountersunk screw holes 83 and 84 in the fixture D enable the fixture tobe screwed to the side element H of the frame A. The screw openings 82,83 and 84 extend through both side flanges 85 and 86 of the U-shapedmember G while the opening 84 is accessible through the slot J andextends only through the flange 29.

The right hand hardware as shown in Figs. 5 and 7 is of square crosssectional shape with the end flanges and I02, the outside flanges I03and the inside flange 104. It may be made of a sheet of metal, which isfolded as shown in Fig. 7 with the ends abutting and spot welded asindicated at I05. The corresponding slot M in the flange I03 has thesame shape and relative position as the slot J on the hardware D.

As shown in Fig. the right hand fixture or hardware E is provided. withopenings I01 and I08 in the flange I03 which gives access to theopenings H0 and III in the base flange I04 of the structure E. Theopening I06 in the base flange I04 will be accessible through the slotM. By these openings I06 to Ill it is possible to attach the right handhardware E to the frame A. The swinging arm 25 is pivotally mounted onthe flange I03 by the pivot pin 206.

In operation the sash C will be held closed as shown in Fig. 11 with theguide pin or roller K held in the recess 63. Then by pressing theextension 66 inwardly against the spring 15, the element H is swung awayfrom the slot J releasing the sash C, this release being shown in Fig.14, the hand R actuating the extension 66. In Fig. 14, the slot J isfree and the guide K may move in either direction therein.

The sash C may be swung upwardly with the guide K sliding upwardly inthe track J to any position in which the guide pin K engages therecesses '62, 6|, 60, 59, and 58 in the swinging member H. In position Mshown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 12, and also shown in Fig. 1, theguide K engages recess 6|, while in position N it engages recess 59. Thesash C may then move to horizontal position P of Figs. 2 and 12. Whenthe pin K reaches the top of the slot J having by-passed the pivot pins26 and 206 of the swinging arms 25, it will swing inwardly as shown byarrow 201 into closed position. The sash C will then be completelyreversed. In this position, the spacing of the guide K from the. sidesand end of the frame B will be the same as in the position of Fig. 11(see dimensions a and b in Fig. 15).

In reverse movement, the sash C may swing outwardly as indicated at 208in Fig. 13 to position P of Figs. 2 and 12 and then through position Nshown in Fig. 12 and the position. M of Figs. 1 and 12 and in direction209 of Fig. 1 to close the opening B in the frame A, the sash C thenbeing in original position.

During this return operation, the member 66 is pressed inwardly as shownin Fig. 14.

Where the sash C is used interiorly no pocket F is needed, but whereused exteriorly the pocket F should be provided with weather-strippingto keep out the weather.

In the construction shown in Fig. 18, the sill or base section 13 has adownwardly sloping upper face 210 to drain any water downwardly andoutwardly. The sill 13 also has an upwardly projecting tongue 209 whichfits. into the recess or groove 2 in the bottom of the sash C'. Thiswill prevent entrance of water or rain at the sill I3.

The sash C may be positioned to swing about a vertical axis as well as ahorizontal axis as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 12 and'13. A series of swingingsashes C and frames A may be provided side by side or one above theother in a single frame as indicated sketchily in Figs. 1 and 2 with thesashes C all swinging in the same or difierent directions, that is withall swinging inwardly or outwardly on vertical or horizontal axes, orwith any arrangement of some swinging inwardly and some swingingoutwardly and some swinging on vertical axes and others swinging onhorizontal axes.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the sash C may be locked in position by the platehaving the recess 9| and the handle 92 pivotally mounted on the plate 93and the locking extension 94. The handle 92 also serves to convenientlyenable swinging and sliding of the sash C.

In Figs. 16 and 1'7 are shown two alternative track arrangements,similarly functioning elements being indicated by the same numerals andletters respectively primed and provided with a superior 2.

In Fig. 16, the pivot 26' of the arm 25' is conveniently offset from theslot J to enable bypassing of the guide K by positioning it upon theinward extension 95 of the fixture D.

In Fig. 17, the pivot 26 is ofiset from the track J to permit bypassingof the guide K by bending the track J at the point 96.

In both Figs. 16 and 17 the spacing of the guides K and K at the ends-oftheir travel in the tracks J' and J should be the same as indicated bydimensions a and b in Fig. 15.

The frames A and sashes C may be made of wood, steel, aluminum, bronze,plastic and so forth. The sizes of the sashes C are controlled by theamount of throw of the sash indicated by the dimension H5 in Fig. 12.Generally the sashes C are elongated in the direction of the axis ofrevolution indicated by dot and dash lines 2l6 in Figs. 1 and 2 and arerelatively shortened in the dimension of the throw 215 so that they willcome too far into the room. They are also made of such size as not toplace too great weight on pivotal connections 23, 26 and 206 or on arms25. One hand on the sash C or handle 92 with other hand on extension 66should suffice readily to swin sash C'.

With casement type reversible sashes C where the axes 216 are vertical,the latching engagement bar H may be omitted since the weight of thesash C will hold it in any desired adjusted position. 7

When the sash C swings outwardly on the exterior of a building on ahorizontal axis 2l6, it should preferably open outwardly at the bottomfrom its normal closed position to exclude the weather from theexterior. When the sash C normally swings inwardly into the room from:-

the exterior of a building it should open inwardly from the top from itsnormal closed position to exclude weather. or rain. This latter mannerof opening is shown in Fig. 1 and arrow 219.

The present application is a continuation-inpart of application Ser. No.553,021 filed September 29, 1944, which matured into Patent No.2,419,524 on April 29, 1947.

As many changes could be made in the above completely reversible windowsand many apparently widely difierent' embodiments of this inventioncould bemade without departing from the scope of the. claims, it isintended that all matter contained in the above description shall be in-7 terpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is 1. In a completely reversible window, a frame, acompletely reversible swinging sliding sash therein, said sash havingsliding rollers and swinging arms pivotally connected on the sidesthereof and fixtures on the sides of said frame having tracks to receivesaid rollers and pivot mounts to receive the ends of said swinging arms,at least one of said fixtures having a swinging arm to move across saidtrack and, said arms being notched at intervals to engage said rollersand thus hold said sash in an intermediate position, said pivot mountsbeing positioned adjacent one end of the inside face of said frameadjacent but out of line with and alongside of said tracks and saidtracks extending slightly beyond said pivot mounts.

2. In combination with a window frame having a completely reversibleswinging sash, a metal fixture taking the form of an elongated channelof rectangular cross section located between the sash and the framebeing provided with a guide slot for the sash, attachment means mountingthe channel on the frame between the frame and the sash, swinging mountsfor the sash having a pivotal connection to said channel, said pivotalconnection being positioned to one side and out of alignment with andinside of the end of said guide slot, and latching means to hold saidsash in open or closed position, said latching means including aswinging spring biased lever having a plurality of recesses at intervalsto engage the sash.

3. A window frame havin a completely reversible swinging sash, swingingarms extending between the vertical sides of said frame and said sash,guide means positioned at the lower ends of the vertical sides of thesash and track means extending along the inside vertical sides of theframe to receive said guide means, said track means extending to,alongside of and slightly beyond the pivotal connections of the arms tothe frames and swinging spring-biased lever means engaging said guidemeans and serving upon said engagement to hold said sash in intermediatepositions between its completely reversed positions, said guide meansincluding rollers projecting from the sides of the sash engaging said ispring-biased lever means in said intermediate positions, said armsbeing pivotally connected to the upper end of the track means and at thesash ends to the centers of the corresponding opposite outside verticalsides of the sash.

4. A window frame having a rectangular opening therethrough receiving acompletely reversible window sash completely closing said opening ineither reversed position and swinging upon such reversal; in combinationtherewith a tubular metal fixture of rectangular cross section, theinside of said section being attached to the frame, the outside-of saidsection having means for connection to the sash, said fixture beingpositioned between the frame and the sash, said means for connection tothe sashconsisting of a flat swinging arm extending from and having apivotal mount upon an opposite parallel inside face of said fixtureclosely adjacent one end of said frame and extending to and having asash pivotal mount centrally of the width and length of said sashandupon the outside face of said sash, and track means on said inside faceof said fixture to guide said sash, said track means extendin obliquely,past and alongside of said fix- 8 ture pivotal mount and extending atleast to the ends of said rectangular opening, said tubular fixturebeing mounted in both sides of the frame, one side of the frame beingprovided with a swinging notched lever pivotally mounted at the upperend of said fixture, and being positioned between the fixture and thesash, said sash having roller guide means to engage said notched leverin order to locate the sash in a desired swinging position.

5. A window frame having a rectangular opening therein, a completelyreversible window sash to close said opening completely upon eachcomplete reversal, said sash having a greater width and depth than saidopening; in combination therewith a tubular metal fixture of rectangularcross section, the inside of said section being attached to the frame,the outside of said section having means for connection to the sash,said fixture being between the frame and the sash, said means forconnection to the sash consisting of a swinging pivot arm connectingsaid sash to said frame, said sash having a central pivotal connectionto said arm on an opposite outside face of said sash and said arm alsohaving end pivotal connections on a corresponding opposite inside faceof said fixture, and the corresponding inside face of said fixturehaving an obliquely positioned straight guide track for said sash, saidtubular fixture being mounted in bothsides of the frame, one side of theframe being provided with a swinging notched lever pivotally mounted atthe upper end of said fixture, and being positioned between the fixtureand the sash, said sash having roller guide means to engage said notchedlever in order to locate the sash in a desired swinging position.

6. A window frame having a rectangular opening and a rectangular sashreceiving pocket inside of said opening having greater width and depththan said opening and also having an inner face and an outer face andintervening side faces, and a completely reversible sash to be receivedin said pocket in each reversed position;

- in combination therewith a tubular metal fixture of rectangular crosssection, the inside of said section being attached to the frame, theoutside of said section having means for connection to the sash, saidfixture being positioned between the frame and the sash, said means forconnection to the sash consisting of a swinging arm extending from theend of an opposite inside face of said pocket to the center of thecorresponding opposite outside face of the sash and being pivotallyconnected to said end of the inside face and the center of the outsideface, a track on the inside face of the frame extending obliquely thefull length of said rectangular opening and by-passing and extendingbeyond the pivotal connection of said swinging arm to said inside faceof said fixture, said tubular fixture being mounted in both sides of theframe, one side of the framebeing provided with a swinging notched leverpivotally mounted at the upper end of said fixture, and being positionedbetween the fixture and the sash, said sash having roller guide means toengage said notched lever in order to locate the sash in a desiredswinging position.

'I. In a window construction, having a frame and a completely reversiblesash received therein, said sash having track engaging means at oppositesides of one end; in combination therewith a tubular metal fixture ofrectangular cross section, the inside of said section being attached tothe frame, the outside of said section having means for connection tothe sash, said fixture being positioned between the frame and the sash,said means for connection to the sash consisting of a swinging armpivotally connected to the exact middle of the outside face of said sashand to the end of the opposite inside face of the fixture and having atrack located in the corresponding inside opposite face of said fixtureand extending substantially the full length thereof and up to andslightly beyond and alongside of the pivotal connection of said arm tosaid inside face of the fixture, said arm having a length betweenpivotal connections slightly less than the equal distance from thepivotal connection of the arm on the sash to the end of the sash, saidtubular fixture being mounted in both sides of the frame, one side ofthe frame being provided with a swinging notched lever pivotally mountedat the upper end of said fixture, and being positioned between thefixture and the sash, said sash having roller guide means to engage saidnotched lever in order to locate the sash in a desired swingingposition.

8. In a rectangular frame having a rectangular pocket and also having arectangular opening, said pocket being inside of and slightly wider,deeper and longer than said opening, and a completely reversibleswinging sliding sash received in said pocket having opposite riders atthe ends of the vertical outside faces of said sash; in combinationtherewith a tubular metal fixture of rectangular cross section, theinside of said section being attached to the frame, the outside of saidsection having mean-s for connection to the sash, said fixture beingpositioned between the frame and the sash, said means for connection tothe sash consisting of a track and a swinging arm pivotally connected tothe inner end of the opposite inside face of said fixture, said pivotalconnection being placed alongside of and spaced from said track and outof alignment with said track and said arm being also pivotally connectedto the center of the outside vertical face of said sash, said tubularfixture being mounted in both sides of the frame, one side of the framebeing provided with a swinging notched lever pivotally mounted at theupper end of said fixture, and being positioned between the fixture andthe sash, said sash having roller guide means to engage said notchedlever in order to locate the sash in a desired swinging position.

9. A window frame having a completely reversible swinging sash; incombination therewith a tubular metal fixture of rectangular crosssection, the inside of said section being attached to the frame, theoutside of said section having means for connection to the sash, saidfixture being positioned between the frame and a sash, said means forconnection to the sash consisting of a swinging arm extending betweenthe vertical sides of said frame and said sash, said arm being pivotallyconnected at its fixture end to the upper end of the inside verticalside of the fixture and at its sash end to the center of thecorresponding opposite outside vertical side of the sash, said fixtureincluding track means extending along the inside vertical side of theframe to guide the sash, said track means extending to, alongside of andslightly beyond the pivotal connection of the arm to the fixture, saidtubular fixture being mounted in both sides of the frame, one side ofthe frame being provided with a swinging notched lever pivotally mountedat the upper end of said fixture, and being positioned between thefixture and the sash, said sash having roller guide means to engage saidnotched lever in order to locate the sash in a desired swingingposition.

10. In a completely reversible swinging window construction of the typehaving a frame and a completely reversible swinging sash which revolveson a horizontal axis and one end of which is always attached to andslides in the sides of the frame, a hardware attachment to be positionedbetween the sides of the sash and the sides of the frame comprising avertical channel of rectangular cross section having a guide slotextending from adjacent the upper end to adjacent the lower end of thechannel on the side of the channel adjacent and alongside the sash, anarm to be pivotally connected centrally to the adjacent side of the sashat one end and to the slotted side of the channel at the other end, saidattachment being mounted upon the side of the frame between the frameand the sash and a latching lever pivotally mounted on one side of theattachment and said sash having an engagement roller sliding in saidslot and engaging said latching lever.

EDMOND ALBANO.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,159,604 Soule et a1. Nov. 9, 1915 1,255,464 Rizzolo Feb. 5,1918 1,317,754 Brand Oct. 7, 1919 1,382,578 Walker June 21, 19211,565,975 Wilson Dec. 15, 1925 1,659,507 Whistler Feb. 14, 19282,359,756 Kaufmann Oct. 10, 1944 2,383,395 Kuyper Aug. 21, 19452,419,524 Albano Apr. 29, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date16,311 Sweden May 13, 1902 420,603 Great Britain 1934

